摘要：结合固体量子力学和金属材料学理论探讨了低速磨粒加工金属材料的去除机理，单个磨粒颗粒的动能必须大于金属材料的结合能，其表层原子才可能被去除；磨粒加工中金属材料发生塑性变形以及形成位错塞积群，导致材料去除率降低。研制出新型磨粒射流加工装置，该加工装置能够形成稳定和可调的磨粒射流，可实现磨粒充分均匀混合和磨粒浓度的精确调节。通过磨粒射流加工模具钢、磁流变加工模具钢和液流悬浮超光滑加工金属铝等不同加工方法进行试验验证，试验结果表明：当磨粒速度低于去除金属表层原子所需的最小速度时，磨粒不能实现对金属材料的有效去除；当磨粒速度大于去除金属表层原子所需的最小速度时，磨粒才能实现对金属材料的加工，磨粒速度越大，材料去除率越高；磨粒冲击金属表面使得材料发生塑性变形和形成位错塞积群，形成更大的阻力，降低了磨粒加工材料去除率，使得材料去除率初始较高，随后逐渐下降并最终趋于稳定。

关键词：磨粒加工；结合能；磨粒速度；最小速度

中图分类号：TG580；TH140.7文献标志码：A

Study on Removal Mechanism and Experiment of Abrasive Machining Metal Materials

Zhang Chengguang，Zhang Yong，Zhang Feihu

Abstract:The solid quantum mechanics and metal materials theory are applied to the analysis of the nanoparticles impact metal surface micro asperities model.The removal mechanism of metal materials under the nanoparticles impactis studied.The kinetic energy of a single nanoparticle of abrasive particles must be greater than the binding energy of metal materials，so that the surface atoms of metal can be removed. The plastic deformation and dislocation groups could reduce the processing speed in the process of abrasive machining.A new type of abrasive jet machining device is developed，which can form a stable and adjustable abrasive jet，achieve the grinding grain of fully mixing，and realize the precise regulation of abrasive particle concentration.The abrasive water jet machining (AWJ) and magneto rheological finishing (MRF)for die steel and hydrodynamic suspension ultrasmooth machining for aluminum are tested.The experimental results showed that when the abrasive velocity is lower than the minimum removal speed of the metal surface atoms，the abrasive cannot effectively remove metal materials.When the abrasive velocity is greater than the minimum speed of the removal metal surface atomic，the abrasive can remove the metal material.When the abrasive velocity is higher，the material removal rate is higher.The abrasives occurred on the metal surface and the metal surface forms plastic deformation and dislocation groups，which could form a larger resistance and reduce the material removal rate，the material removal rate is higher then gradually reduced and eventually became stability.

Keywords:abrasive machining；binding energy；abrasive velocity；minimum speed