高速切削加工稳定性研究
2018-12-20
作者：谢英星，王成勇
单位：广东工业大学
摘要：振动是金属加工过程中的一个复杂问题，其形成的颤振不仅限制了机床加工效率的提高，还对机床和切削刀具造成很大的危害。对数控加工特别是高速加工过程中颤振的研究和控制技术是先进制造技术的重要研究课题，本文介绍了切削动力学建模的两个环节：切削力建模和刀具—工件动力学建模；根据切削力建模方式的不同，将其归纳为基于试验的经验公式建模法、解析建模法和基于人工智能及软件技术切削力建模法；根据铣削加工过程中稳定区域的不同预测方式，切削稳定性分析方法分为时域分析方法、频域分析方法、试验分析方法，并对三种方法的优势和不足进行对比分析；对切削颤振的抑制措施进行了总结介绍；展望了高速切削加工稳定性研究的关键技术，为切削加工振动的理论研究与工业应用提供借鉴和参考。
关键词：铣削；颤振；动力学建模；稳定性；颤振控制
中图分类号：TG506.1；TH161+.6文献标志码：A
Research on High Speed Machining Stability
Xie Yingxing，Wang Chengyong
Abstract:Vibration is a complex problem in the metal cutting process.Chatter not only limits the improvement of machining efficiency，but also causes great damage to machine tools and cutting tools.Therefore，the study of chatter and its controlling process during CNC machining，especially high speed machining，is an extremely important research topic for advanced manufacturing technology.Two steps of cutting dynamics modeling are introduced，including the cutting force modeling and toolworkpiece dynamics modeling.According to the way of modeling，cutting force modeling methods can be summarized as experimental based empirical formula modeling method，analytical modeling method and artificial intelligence and software technology based cutting force modeling method.According to prediction methods of stable area during milling process，the analysis methods of cutting stability can be divided into time domain analysis method，frequency domain analysis method and experimental analysis method.Furthermore，the comparison and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these three methods are conducted.The suppression measures of cutting chatter are also summarized and compared.In addition，the prospects of the key technical issues in the study of the stability of high speed cutting machining are discussed，which may provide reference for theoretical research and industrial application of cutting vibration.
Keywords:milling; chatter; dynamic modeling; stability; chatter control