三维扫描测头在齿轮测量中心的应用
2019-06-19
作者：张蕾，张海亮
单位：哈尔滨量具刃具集团有限责任公司
摘要：为了解决三维测头在齿轮测量中心应用上的技术难点，通过构建三维扫描测头的多元非线性模型，规划出基准球的扫描路径，实现了对测头自身的垂直度、直线度、测针挠度以及与仪器坐标轴不重合等误差的校准。分析影响校准精度的因素，解决了三维扫描测头的标定问题，为后续工件的测量奠定了基础。由于三维扫描测头无法精确探测到给定的工件坐标点位置，测量时也无法严格按照预定的路径扫描，无法采取传统的电子展成法得到测量误差值。本文利用空间曲面理论实现了齿轮的测量及误差计算，通过对标准齿轮的检测，验证了方法的可行性，为复杂工件的一次装卡，全自动完成几何误差和形位误差的测量提供了条件，拓展了齿轮测量中心的检测能力。
关键词：三维扫描测头；多元非线性模型；误差校准；测头标定；空间曲面理论
中图分类号：TG84；TH161文献标志码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-7008.2019.06.023
Application of Threedimensional Scanning Probe in Gear Measuring Center
Zhang Lei，Zhang Hailiang
Abstract:In order to solve the technical difficulties in the application of the threedimensional (3D) measuring probe in gear measurement center，the scanning path of the standard ball is planned by establishing the multivariate nonlinear model of 3D scanning probe.The calibration on the probe′s errors of verticality，straightness and deflection as well as the misalignment from the instrument axis are achieved.The factors that affect the calibration precision are analyzed，which solves the problem of 3D scanning probe calibration and provides a foundation for the subsequent workpiece measurement. Since 3D scanning probe cannot accurately detect the given coordinate point location of the workpiece and cannot move strictly in accordance with a predetermined scanning path，the measuring error cannot be obtained by utilizing the traditional electronic generation method.The theory of spatial curved surface is used to complete the gear measurement and error calculation.Through the standard gear detection，the method is validated，which provides the foundation for measuring the form and position errors at onetime loading of complex workpiece，and greatly expands the detection capability of gear measuring center.
Keywords:threedimensional (3D) measuring probe；multivariate nonlinear model；error calibration；probe demarcation；theory of spatial curved surface