高速雕铣硬质红木的微织构刀具的磨损行为研究

2020-03-11

作者：林正英，念志伟，刘华单位：福州大学

摘要：针对硬质红木的高速雕铣加工性差、刀具磨损严重及生产效率低的缺点，利用光纤激光对其硬质合金刀具表面设计不同形状和大小的微织构，通过高速雕铣机测试及生产线现场加工试验，并借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和Kistler测力仪等，分析硬质红木在高速铣削过程中表面微织构铣刀前后刀面的磨损形态、铣削力与刀具磨损的关系。试验结果表明：前后刀面都有磨损且主要类型为磨粒磨损、粘结剂磨损和氧化磨损；铣削力与表面微织构的刀具磨损不是纯粹的正相关关系，刀具最大应力点不断变化，有利于降低磨损；在织构的形状方面，相对于网格织构，同样间隔大小和深度的圆形织构和平行织构的刀具减磨效果更好；圆形凹坑织构比圆形凸起织构的减磨效果好；直径为30μm，间距80μm×80μm 的圆形凹坑的减磨效果较好。

关键词：硬质红木；高速雕铣削；微织构；刀具磨损

中图分类号：TG115.5+8；TG356文献标志码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-7008.2020.02.005

Research on Microtextured Tool Wear Behavior in

High Speed Carving & Milling Process of Hard Rosewood

Lin Zhengying，Nian Zhiwei，Liu Hua

Abstract:Due to the complicated mechanical property of rosewood，which results in poor machinability，low production efficient and is easy to cause cutting tool wear during the high speed carving & milling (HSCM) process while HSCM technology is more abroad in hard rosewood products，in combination with theoretical analysis and cutting experimentation.In this paper，microtextures of different shapes and sizes are designed on the surface of carbide cutter by using fiber laser.With the help of optical microscope，scanning electron microscope，Kistler dynamometer，the research will focus on the wear pattern of front and rear face of microtextured milling cutter and the relationship between the milling force and the wear of the cutter.The experiment results show that the wear are found on both front and rear cutting surfaces，which includes abrasive wear，binder wear and oxidation wear.There is no pure positive correlation between milling force and tool wear with surface microtexture， the maximum stress point of the tool keeps changing，which is beneficial to reduce wear.On the basis of microtexture shape，compared with mesh microtexture，both circular and parallel microtexture with the same spacing and depth show obvious antiwear effect.The antiwear effect of circular concave microtexture is better than that of circular convex.The circular pit microtexture with a diameter of 30μm and a spacing of 80μm×80μm is excellent on antiwear.

Keywords:hard rosewood；highspeed carving & milling (HSCM)；microtexture；cutting tool wear