摘要：微小结构常采用介观尺度下微细铣削加工，而介观尺度切削机理有别于常规金属切削机理。本文使用微径二刃球头铣刀对310S不锈钢进行微细铣削加工，利用测力仪采集切削过程中的切削力数据信息。通过对切削力信息进行分析，研究微径球头铣刀进行微细铣削的机理。结果表明：微径球头铣刀进行微细铣削会产生刀具偏心、单齿切削和最小切削厚度现象。因为球头铣刀在铣削过程中切削刃的不同位置处切削层的切削厚度不同，易出现犁耕和滑擦现象。当切削层厚度小于最小切削厚度时，不会产生切屑，刀具与工件仅发生弹性变形，切削并未进行；当切削层厚度接近最小切削厚度时，被切削材料发生弹性变形和塑性变形；当切削层厚度大于最小切削厚度，后刀面的弹性变形层将会明显地减小，实际切削厚度与名义切削厚度几乎相等，切削层会被全部切除。

关键词：球头铣刀；微细切削；切削机理；单齿切削

中图分类号：TH162文献标志码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-7008.2021.08.004

Cutting Mechanism Analysis of Micro Ballend Milling Cutter Based on Milling Force

Yuan Meixia，Hua Ming，Meng Hao 

Abstract:Microstructures are often processed by micromilling at the mesoscale， and the mesoscale cutting mechanism is different from the conventional metal cutting mechanism.This article uses a microdiameter twoedged ballend milling cutter to micromill 310S stainless steel，and uses a dynamometer to collect cutting force data information during the cutting process.Analyze cutting force information and study the mechanism of microdiameter ballend milling cutter for micromilling.The results show that the micromilling of microdiameter ballend milling cutters will produce tool eccentricity，singletooth cutting，and minimum cutting thickness.Because the cutting thickness of the cutting layer is different at different positions of the cutting edge during the milling process of the ball end milling cutter，ploughing and slipping are prone to occur.When the thickness of the cutting layer is less than the minimum cutting thickness，no chips will be generated，the tool and the workpiece only undergo elastic deformation，and the cutting is not performed; when the thickness of the cutting layer is close to the minimum cutting thickness，the material being cut will undergo elastic and plastic deformation.If the thickness of the cutting layer is greater than the minimum cutting thickness，the elastic deformation layer of the flank will be significantly reduced.The actual cutting thickness is almost equal to the nominal cutting thickness，and the cutting layer will be completely removed.

Keywords:ballend milling cutter；microcutting；cutting mechanism；singletooth cutting